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1.
Arq Asma Alerg Imunol ; 7(3): 267-272, Jul.Set.2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524178

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A doença granulomatosa crônica (DGC) é caracterizada por um defeito na capacidade microbicida das células fagocíticas (monócitos e neutrófilos), com alta mortalidade se não diagnosticada precocemente. Os pacientes apresentam infecções recorrentes ou graves, suscetibilidade a granulomas em órgãos profundos, doenças autoimunes e doença inflamatória intestinal. Objetivo e Método: Relato de aspectos clínicos e do tratamento de cinco pacientes com doença granulomatosa crônica. Resultados: Cinco pacientes, três meninos, medianas de idade no início dos sintomas e diagnóstico de 8 meses e 48 meses, respectivamente, foram estudados por um período de 10 anos. Pneumonia (5/5) e doença micobacteriana (3/5) foram as manifestações iniciais mais comuns. Alterações pulmonares foram observadas em todos os casos. Mutações nos genes CYBB e NCF1 foram identificadas em três casos. Antibioticoprofilaxia foi instituída em todos os pacientes e três foram submetidos ao transplante de células tronco-hematopoiéticas (TCH), aos 7, 18 e 19 anos e com sobrevida atual entre 4 a 5 anos. Conclusão: O monitoramento cuidadoso de infecções graves com tratamento imediato foi crucial para a sobrevivência. O TCH, mesmo ao final da adolescência, promoveu a cura da DGC em três pacientes.


Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by a defective microbicidal capacity of phagocytic cells (monocytes and neutrophils) with high mortality if not early diagnosed. Patients have recurrent or severe infections and are susceptible to granulomas in visceral organs, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Objective and Method: To report the clinical features and treatment of 5 patients with CGD. Results: Five patients, 3 boys, with median ages at symptom onset and diagnosis of 8 months and 48 months, respectively, were followed for 10 years. Pneumonia (5/5) and mycobacterial disease (3/5) were the most common initial manifestations. Pulmonary changes were observed in all cases. Mutations in the CYBB and NCF1 genes were identified in 3 cases. All patients received antibiotic prophylaxis. Three patients underwent a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) at 7, 18, and 19 years, with current survival of 4 to 5 years. Conclusion: Careful monitoring for severe infection with prompt treatment was crucial for survival. Even though HSCT was performed in late adolescence, it promoted the cure of CGD in 3 patients.


Subject(s)
Humans
3.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(1): 134-140, jan.mar.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400123

ABSTRACT

A doença granulomatosa crônica (DGC) é um erro inato da imunidade de fagócitos, e ocorre em decorrência de mutações que afetam componentes da enzima NADPH oxidase. Os pacientes são suceptíveis a infecções graves e letais por fungos e bactérias. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um lactente com DGC que apresentou manifestação clínica de tuberculose (TB) intratorácica na forma pseudotumoral e óssea iniciada no período neonatal. O diagnóstico de DGC foi realizado através do teste de DHR e, após o início da profilaxia com sulfametoxazoltrimetroprima e itraconazol, o paciente manteve-se estável clinicamente. A mãe e a irmã também apresentaram DHR alterados, a análise genética revelou uma mutação ligada ao X no exon 2 do gene CYBB c.58G>A, levando uma alteração em G20R. É fundamental que o diagnóstico seja realizado o mais precocemente possível, a fim de instituir as orientações aos familiares e tratamento adequado, reduzindo assim complicações infecciosas e melhorando prognóstico.


Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of phagocyte immunity and occurs as a resulto f mutations that affect components of the NADPH oxidase enzyme. Patients are susceptible to serious and lethal fungal and bacterial infections. The aim of this paper is to report a case an infant with CGD who presented clinical manifestations of intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB) in the pseudotumoral and bone form, which started in the neonatal period. The diagnosis of CGD was performed using the DHR test and, after starting prophylaxis with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and itraconazole, the patient remained clinically stable. The mother and sister also had altered DHR, genetic analysis revealed an X-linked mutation in exon 2 of the CYBB gene c.58G>A, leading to an alteration in G20R. It is essential that the diagnosis is made as early as possible, in order to establish guidelines for Family members and adequate treatment, thus reducing infectious complications and improving prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Tuberculosis , Bone and Bones , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic , Phagocytes , Prognosis , Sulfamethoxazole , Therapeutics , Bacteria , Bacterial Infections , NADPH Oxidases , Diagnosis , Fungi , Genetics , Infections
4.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 5(4): 426-432, out.dez.2021. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399808

ABSTRACT

Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, que iniciou quadro de úlceras em trato gastrointestinal, associado a febre recorrente e diarreia com muco e sangue aos 10 meses de vida, suspeitado inicialmente de doença inflamatória intestinal, no entanto, não apresentou melhora do quadro com terapia imunossupressora, sendo realizada investigação para erro inato da imunidade. Nos exames laboratoriais, apresentou níveis baixos de IgG e IgA e níveis elevados de IgM e neutropenia persistente. Diante disso, foi realizado teste genético que confirmou diagnóstico de síndrome de hiper-IgM ligada ao X. Os erros inatos da imunidade podem se manifestar com doenças do trato gastrointestinal, de forma relativamente frequente, devendo entrar como diagnóstico diferencial de diarreia crônica. Inclusa nesse grupo de doenças, as síndromes de hiper-IgM constituem um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, possuindo em comum níveis significativamente baixos ou ausentes de IgG e IgA e níveis normais ou elevados de IgM, o que predispõe a infecções e febre recorrente; além de outras alterações laboratoriais, como neutropenia, que pode estar associada a úlceras no trato gastrointestinal e proctite, simulando apresentação clínica de doença inflamatória intestinal. Para o paciente relatado, foi iniciada terapia com imunoglobulinas de forma periódica, além de antibioticoprofilaxia para infecções, evoluindo com resposta clínica satisfatória. O artigo possui objetivo principal de alertar para o diagnóstico diferencial de erros inatos da imunidade diante do quadro apresentado, visando o diagnóstico precoce e a instituição da terapia adequada.


We report the case of a male patient, who started with ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract, associated with recurrent fever and diarrhea with mucus and blood at 10 months of life, initially suspected of inflammatory bowel disease, however, he did not improve the condition with immunosuppressive therapy, being investigated for inborn error of immunity. In laboratory tests, he had low levels of IgG and IgA and high levels of IgM and persistent neutropenia. Therefore, a genetic test was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked hyper IgM syndrome. Inborn errors of immunity can manifest relatively frequently with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and should be included as a differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea. Included in this group of diseases, hyper-IgM syndromes constitute a heterogeneous group of diseases, having in common significantly low or absent levels of IgG and IgA and normal or high levels of IgM, which predispose to infections and recurrent fever; in addition to other laboratory alterations, such as neutropenia, which may be associated with ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract and proctitis, simulating the clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease. For the reported patient, therapy with immunoglobulins was started periodically, in addition to antibiotic prophylaxis for infections, evolving with a satisfactory clinical response. The main objective of the article is to alert to the differential diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity in view of the presented condition, aiming at early diagnosis and the institution of adequate therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Immunoglobulin M , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Diagnosis, Differential , Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Type 1 , Relapsing Fever , Ulcer , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin G , Immunosuppression Therapy , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Early Diagnosis , Dihydrotachysterol , Infections
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 97(supl.1): 17-23, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250229

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: To provide an overview of drug treatment, transplantation, and gene therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiencies. Source of data: Non-systematic review of the literature in the English language carried out at PubMed. Synthesis of data: The treatment of patients with primary immunodeficiencies aims to control their disease, especially the treatment and prevention of infections through antibiotic prophylaxis and/or immunoglobulin replacement therapy. In several diseases, it is possible to use specific medications for the affected pathway with control of the condition, especially in autoimmune or autoinflammatory processes associated with inborn immunity errors. In some diseases, treatment can be curative through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); more recently, gene therapy has opened new horizons through new technologies. Conclusions: Immunoglobulin replacement therapy remains the main therapeutic tool. Precision medicine with specific drugs for altered immune pathways is already a reality for several immune defects. Advances in the management of HSCT and gene therapy have expanded the capacity for curative treatments in patients with primary immunodeficiencies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/therapy , Genetic Therapy
6.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 5(1): 33-35, jan.mar.2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398393

ABSTRACT

Desde o início da pandemia de COVID-19 iniciou-se a corrida por uma imunização ativa, eficaz e segura. Todas as vacinas desenvolvidas até o momento vêm demostrando boa eficácia na prevenção de casos graves de COVID-19, de hospitalizações e mortes. Muitos pacientes com erros inatos da imunidade (EII) não terão capacidade de desenvolver uma resposta imune semelhante ao indivíduo imunocompetente. Esses pacientes foram incluídos nos grupos prioritários definidos pelo Ministério da Saúde, como pessoas entre 18 a 59 anos com uma ou mais das comorbidades, incluindo as imunodeficiências primárias. Eles podem e devem receber as vacinas em uso contra o SARS-CoV-2, mas nem sempre apresentarão uma resposta imunológica satisfatória e protetora, e, portanto, seus contactantes também devem ser vacinados.


Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the race for an active, effective, and safe immunization has started. All vaccines developed to date have shown good efficacy in preventing serious cases of COVID-19, hospitalization, and death. Many patients with inborn errors of immunity will not be able to develop an immune response similar to that of immunocompetent individuals. These patients were included in the priority groups defined by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, as people between 18 and 59 years of age with one or more comorbidities, including primary immunodeficiencies. They can and should receive the vaccines in use against SARS-CoV-2, but they will not always have a satisfactory and protective immune response, and, therefore, those in direct contact with them should also be vaccinated.


Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , BNT162 Vaccine , 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 , Ad26COVS1 , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 , Immunity , Patients , Efficacy , Immunization , Vaccination , Death , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitalization
9.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 3(3): 207-258, jul.set.2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381240

ABSTRACT

O presente guia apresenta revisão extensa sobre imunobiológicos utilizados, liberados e ainda sob estudo, para o tratamento da asma, doenças alérgicas e imunodeficiências. Além das características físico-químicas de alguns desses fármacos, são revisadas as indicações e os resultados de estudos clínicos realizados para avaliar eficácia e segurança. Separados por doença específica, são apresentados os principais agentes disponíveis e aprovados para utilização segundo as normas regulatórias nacionais.


This guide presents an extensive review of immunobiological drugs used, approved and/or under investigation for the treatment of asthma, allergic diseases and immunodeficiencies. In addition to the physicochemical characteristics of some of these drugs, their indications and results of clinical studies evaluating efficacy and safety are reviewed. The main agents available and approved for use in each specific disease according to national regulatory standards are presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Sinusitis , Biological Therapy , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Dermatitis, Atopic , Angioedemas, Hereditary , Omalizumab , Food Hypersensitivity , Chronic Urticaria , Anaphylaxis , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Safety , Therapeutics , Biological Products , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Disease , Efficacy , Cytokines , Government Regulation , Allergy and Immunology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes , Immunotherapy
12.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 2(3): 335-343, jul.set.2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380925

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Avaliar a atuação de alergistas/imunologistas no serviço público e identificar prioridades, carências e demandas na assistência aos pacientes com doenças alérgicas e imunodeficiências. Métodos: Foi desenvolvido um questionário on-line autoaplicável por meio do Google Forms, composto por 17 questões de múltipla escolha sobre dados demográficos, área de atuação, local de desempenho das atividades profissionais e acesso a exames laboratoriais. Resultados: Responderam ao questionário on-line 367 associados. A média de idade foi de 45,3 anos (desvio padrão, DP = 11,7), e 255 dos participantes eram mulheres (69,5%). Atuavam também como pediatras 52,9% dos alergistas, e apenas 37,6% atendiam pacientes com imunodeficiências primárias no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os recursos para abordagem desses pacientes eram escassos e não distribuídos de maneira uniforme. Conclusões: Os especialistas em Alergia e Imunologia Clínica estão concentrados nos grandes centros, e os que atuam no serviço público não têm acesso a recursos adequados para o diagnóstico e tratamento das doenças alérgicas e imunodeficiências primárias. Ações estratégicas em várias instâncias do SUS são necessárias para melhorar a atenção aos pacientes com doenças imunoalérgicas no Brasil.


Objectives: To evaluate the performance of allergists/ immunologists in the public service and to identify priorities, needs and demands in the care of patients with allergic diseases and immunodeficiencies. Methods: A self-administered online questionnaire was developed through Google Forms, consisting of 17 multiple choice questions about demographic data, area of performance, place of professional performance and access to laboratory exams. Results: 367 patients answered the online questionnaire. The mean age was 45.3 years (standard deviation, SD = 11.7), and 255 participants were female (69.5%). A total of 52.9% of allergists also worked as pediatricians, and only 37.6% treated primary immunodeficiency patients through the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Resources to manage these patients were scarce and unevenly distributed. Conclusions: Allergy and Clinical Immunology specialists are concentrated in large centers and those who work in the public service do not have access to adequate resources for diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. Strategic actions in various levels of SUS are necessary to improve care for patients with immunologic and/or allergic diseases in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Unified Health System , Health Care Levels , Allergy and Immunology , Allergists , Patients , Societies, Medical , Therapeutics , Brazil , Immunoglobulin E , Skin Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires , Delivery of Health Care , Diagnosis , Pediatricians , Health Services Needs and Demand
14.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 1(4): 327-334, out.dez.2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380580

ABSTRACT

Apesar do aumento na prevalência e gravidade das doenças imunoalérgicas no Brasil, como em todo o mundo, o acesso a atendimento especializado, exames complementares e terapias que possibilitam o controle adequado delas, especialmente as com potencial fatal, é restrito a poucos centros no Brasil, e muitas dessas condições e terapias não estão contempladas nos Protocolos Clínicos e Diretrizes Terapêuticas do Ministério da Saúde. No presente trabalho, analisamos a realidade atual e carências na assistência a pacientes com doenças alérgicas como anafilaxia, alergia ao leite de vaca, asma, dermatite atópica e urticária crônica e com imunodeficiências primárias. São apresentadas, também, propostas de ações em que a Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia poderia trabalhar em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde para reduzir o impacto médico, social e financeiro dessas doenças.


Despite the increase observed in the prevalence and severity of immunoallergic diseases, both in Brazil and worldwide, access to specialized care and to complementary tests and therapies that allow adequate disease control, especially in potentially fatal cases, is restricted to a few centers in Brazil. In addition, many of these conditions and therapies are not included in the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines. In the present study, we analyze the current situation and weaknesses in the care of patients with allergic diseases such as anaphylaxis, cow's milk allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria, as well as those with primary immunodeficiencies. Possible actions that could be undertaken by the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology in partnership with the Brazilian Ministry of Health are proposed, with the aim of reducing the medical, social, and financial impact associated with these diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Brazil , gamma-Globulins , Milk Hypersensitivity , Allergy and Immunology , Angioedemas, Hereditary , Anaphylaxis , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes , Societies, Scientific , Therapeutics , Prevalence , Medical Care , Crystalluria
16.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 1(3): 245-256, jul.set.2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380463

ABSTRACT

A febre amarela é uma doença infecciosa grave causada por um arbovírus e transmitida pelos mosquitos Haemagogus (ciclo silvestre) e Aedes aegypti (ciclo urbano). Os sintomas mais comuns são febre, calafrios, cefaleia, mialgia e náuseas. Uma parcela dos pacientes desenvolve as formas graves, que podem cursar com insuficiência hepática e renal. A partir de 2014 a febre amarela passou a ser endêmica em áreas extra-amazônicas, tornando-se um grave problema de saúde pública. Por isso, a vacinação contra a febre amarela é essencial para o controle da doença no Brasil, tornando-se a medida mais eficaz, com imunogenicidade superior a 95%. Em relação à segurança, a maioria dos eventos adversos após a vacinação são locais, e os eventos adversos graves, como a encefalite pós-vacinal, são relatados principalmente em idosos e imunossuprimidos. Por se tratar de vacina de vírus vivo atenuado, é recomendada cautela na sua indicação nesses indivíduos. Outra preocupação em relação à segurança se deve ao fato de que, por ser cultivada em ovos embrionados de galinha (maior quantidade de proteínas do ovo), a vacina febre amarela é contraindicada em indivíduos que apresentam história prévia de reação anafilática ao ovo. No entanto, diante do cenário epidemiológico atual, indivíduos com história de hipersensibilidade leve ou moderada ao ovo podem recebê-la seguindo as recomendações de segurança revisadas e sugeridas neste texto. O objetivo deste documento foi revisar as indicações e contraindicações da vacina febre amarela e apresentar uma abordagem prática em situações especiais, com a finalidade de garantir a imunização à população de risco.


Yellow fever is a serious infectious disease caused by arboviruses and transmitted by Haemagogus (wild cycle) and Aedes aegypti (urban cycle) mosquitoes. The most common symptoms are fever, chills, headache, myalgia and nausea. A subgroup of patients develops severe forms that can manifest with hepatic and renal failure. As of 2014, yellow fever has become endemic in extra- Amazonian areas, and therefore it is considered a serious public health problem. Vaccination against yellow fever is essential to control the disease in Brazil, and it is the most effective measure, with an immunogenicity above 95%. With regard to safety, most post-vaccination adverse reactions are local, and serious adverse events such as post-vaccinal encephalitis are reported mainly in the elderly and in immunocompromised hosts. Because the yellow fever vaccine is live attenuated, caution is advised in these individuals. Another concern regarding safety is the fact that the vaccine is cultured in embryonated chicken eggs (high amount of egg protein), contraindicating its use in individuals with a history of anaphylactic reaction to egg. However, in view of the current epidemiological scenario, individuals with a history of mild or moderate hypersensitivity to egg may receive the vaccine, observing the safety recommendations reviewed and suggested in this paper. The objective of this article is to review indications and contraindications of the yellow fever vaccine and present a practical approach in special situations to guarantee immunization of the population at risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Yellow Fever , Yellow Fever Vaccine , Yellow Fever Vaccine/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Hypersensitivity , Patients , Signs and Symptoms , Brazil , Public Health , Risk Factors , Vaccination , Egg Hypersensitivity
17.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 35(1): 25-32, jan.-mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-845724

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar a quantificação de T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) e kappa-deleting recombination circles (KRECs) por reação em cadeia de polimerase (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) em tempo real (qRT-PCR), para triagem neonatal de imunodeficiências primárias que cursam com defeitos nas células T e/ou B no Brasil. Métodos: Amostras de sangue de recém-nascidos (RN) e controles foram coletadas em papel-filtro. O DNA foi extraído e os TRECs e KRECs foram quantificados por reação duplex de qRT-PCR. O valor de corte foi determinado pela análise de Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve, utilizando-se o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SSPS) (IBM®, Armonk, NY, EUA). Resultados: 6.881 amostras de RN foram analisadas quanto à concentração de TRECs e KRECs. Os valores de TRECs variaram entre 1 e 1.006 TRECs/µL, com média e mediana de 160 e 139 TRECs/µL, respectivamente. Três amostras de pacientes diagnosticados com imunodeficiência grave combinada (severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID) apresentaram valores de TRECs abaixo de 4/µL e um paciente com Síndrome de DiGeorge apresentou TRECs indetectáveis. Os valores de KRECs encontraram-se entre 10 e 1.097 KRECs/µL, com média e mediana de 130 e 108 KRECs/µL, e quatro pacientes com diagnóstico de agamaglobulinemia tiveram resultados abaixo de 4 KRECs/µL. Os valores de corte encontrados foram 15 TRECs/µL e 14 KRECs/µL, e foram estabelecidos de acordo com a análise da Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve, com sensibilidade de 100% para detecção de SCID e agamaglobulinemia, respectivamente. Conclusões: A quantificação de TRECs e KRECs foi capaz de diagnosticar crianças com linfopenias T e/ou B em nosso estudo, validando a técnica e dando o primeiro passo para a implementação da triagem neonatal em grande escala no Brasil.


ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for newborn screening of primary immunodeficiencies with defects in T and/or B cells in Brazil. Methods: Blood samples from newborns and controls were collected on filter paper. DNA was extracted and TRECs, and KRECs were quantified by a duplex real-time PCR. The cutoff values were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using SPSS software (IBM®, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Around 6,881 samples from newborns were collected and TRECs and KRECs were quantified. The TRECs values ranged between 1 and 1,006 TRECs/µL, with mean and median of 160 and 139 TRECs/µL, respectively. Three samples from patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) showed TRECs below 4/µL and a patient with DiGeorge syndrome showed undetectable TRECs. KRECs values ranged from 10 to 1,097 KRECs/µL, with mean and median of 130 and 108 KRECs/µL. Four patients with agammaglobulinemia had results below 4 KRECs/µL. The cutoff values were 15 TRECs/µL and 14 KRECs/µL and were established according to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, with 100% sensitivity for SCID and agammaglobulinemia detection, respectively. Conclusions: Quantification of TRECs and KRECs was able to diagnose children with T- and/or B-cell lymphopenia in our study, which validated the technique in Brazil and enabled us to implement the newborn screening program for SCID and agammaglobulinemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Neonatal Screening/methods , Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/diagnosis , Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/blood , Brazil , DNA/analysis , Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics , Pilot Projects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
18.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 15(1): 1-16, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840298

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In the last few years, new primary immunodeficiencies and genetic defects have been described. Recently, immunoglobulin products with improved compositions and for subcutaneous use have become available in Brazil. In order to guide physicians on the use of human immunoglobulin to treat primary immunodeficiencies, based on a narrative literature review and their professional experience, the members of the Primary Immunodeficiency Group of the Brazilian Society of Allergy and Immunology prepared an updated document of the 1st Brazilian Consensus, published in 2010. The document presents new knowledge about the indications and efficacy of immunoglobulin therapy in primary immunodeficiencies, relevant production-related aspects, mode of use (routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, doses and intervals), adverse events (major, prevention, treatment and reporting), patient monitoring, presentations available and how to have access to this therapeutic resource in Brazil.


RESUMO Nos últimos anos, novas imunodeficiências primárias e defeitos genéticos têm sido descritos. Recentemente, produtos de imunoglobulina, com aprimoramento em sua composição e para uso por via subcutânea, tornaram-se disponíveis em nosso meio. Com o objetivo de orientar o médico no uso da imunoglobulina humana para o tratamento das imunodeficiências primárias, os membros do Grupo de Assessoria em Imunodeficiências da Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia produziram um documento que teve por base uma revisão narrativa da literatura e sua experiência profissional, atualizando o I Consenso Brasileiro publicado em 2010. Apresentam-se novos conhecimentos sobre indicações e eficácia do tratamento com imunoglobulina nas imunodeficiências primárias, aspectos relevantes sobre a produção, forma de utilização (vias de administração, farmacocinética, doses e intervalos), efeitos adversos (principais efeitos, prevenção, tratamento e notificação), monitorização do paciente, apresentações disponíveis e forma de obtenção deste recurso terapêutico em nosso meio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use , Consensus , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Administration, Cutaneous , Brazil , Treatment Outcome , Administration, Intravenous , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes , Immunologic Factors/supply & distribution
19.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(4): 374-380, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792575

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To apply, in Brazil, the T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) quantification technique using real-time polymerase chain reaction in newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency and assess the feasibility of implementing it on a large scale in Brazil. Methods 8715 newborn blood samples were collected on filter paper and, after DNA elution, TRECs were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cutoff value to determine whether a sample was abnormal was determined by ROC curve analysis, using SSPS. Results The concentration of TRECs in 8,682 samples ranged from 2 to 2,181 TRECs/µL of blood, with mean and median of 324 and 259 TRECs/µL, respectively. Forty-nine (0.56%) samples were below the cutoff (30 TRECs/µL) and were reanalyzed. Four (0.05%) samples had abnormal results (between 16 and 29 TRECs/µL). Samples from patients previously identified as having severe combined immunodeficiency or DiGeorge syndrome were used to validate the assay and all of them showed TRECs below the cutoff. Preterm infants had lower levels of TRECs than full-term neonates. The ROC curve showed a cutoff of 26 TRECs/µL, with 100% sensitivity for detecting severe combined immunodeficiency. Using this value, retest and referral rates were 0.43% (37 samples) and 0.03% (3 samples), respectively. Conclusion The technique is reliable and can be applied on a large scale after the training of technical teams throughout Brazil.


Resumo Objetivo Aplicar no Brasil a técnica de quantificação de T-cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) por PCR em tempo real para triagem neonatal de imunodeficiência combinada grave (SCID) e avaliar se é possível fazê-la em grande escala em nosso país. Métodos Foram coletadas em papel filtro 8.715 amostras de sangue de recém-nascidos e, após eluição do DNA, os TRECs foram quantificados por PCR em tempo real. O valor de corte para determinar se uma amostra é anormal foi determinado pela análise de curva ROC com o programa SSPS. Resultados A concentração de TRECs em 8.682 amostras analisadas variou entre 2 e 2.181 TRECs/µL de sangue, com média e mediana de 324 e 259 TRECs/µL, respectivamente. Das amostras, 49 (0,56%) ficaram abaixo do valor de corte (30 TRECs/µL) e foram requantificadas. Quatro (0,05%) mantiveram resultados anormais (entre 16 e 29 TRECs/µL). Amostras de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico prévio de SCID e síndrome de DiGeorge foram usadas para validar o ensaio e todas apresentaram concentração de TRECs abaixo do valor de corte. Recém-nascidos prematuros apresentaram menores níveis de TRECs comparados com os nascidos a termo. Com o uso da curva ROC em nossos dados, chegamos ao valor de corte de 26 TRECs/µL, com sensibilidade de 100% para detecção de SCID. Com o uso desse valor, as taxas de repetição e encaminhamento ficaram em 0,43% (37 amostras) e 0,03% (3 amostras), respectivamente. Conclusão A técnica é factível e pode ser implantada em grande escala, após treinamento técnico das equipes envolvidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/blood , Neonatal Screening/methods , Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/diagnosis , Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/blood , Reference Values , Time Factors , Brazil , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Age Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dried Blood Spot Testing , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(1): 75-85, 03/02/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741624

ABSTRACT

In our previous study, we have found that 5-cyclopropyl-2-[1-(2-fluoro-benzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamine (BAY 41-2272), a guanylate cyclase agonist, activates human monocytes and the THP-1 cell line to produce the superoxide anion, increasing in vitro microbicidal activity, suggesting that this drug can be used to modulate immune functioning in primary immunodeficiency patients. In the present work, we investigated the potential of the in vivo administration of BAY 41-2272 for the treatment of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus infections introduced via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous inoculation. We found that intraperitoneal treatment with BAY 41-2272 markedly increased macrophage-dependent cell influx to the peritoneum in addition to macrophage functions, such as spreading, zymosan particle phagocytosis and nitric oxide and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production. Treatment with BAY 41-2272 was highly effective in reducing the death rate due to intraperitoneal inoculation of C. albicans, but not S. aureus. However, we found that in vitro stimulation of peritoneal macrophages with BAY 41-2272 markedly increased microbicidal activities against both pathogens. Our results show that the prevention of death by the treatment of C. albicans-infected mice with BAY 41-2272 might occur primarily by the modulation of the host immune response through macrophage activation. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Adipocytes, White/metabolism , Ananas/chemistry , Dietary Supplements , Fruit/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification , Industrial Waste/analysis , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Adipogenesis , Adipocytes, White/cytology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/economics , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/economics , Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Food-Processing Industry/economics , Glycosylation , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemistry , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/economics , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/economics , India , Industrial Waste/economics , Lipotropic Agents/chemistry , Lipotropic Agents/economics , Lipotropic Agents/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/economics , Solvents/chemistry , alpha-Amylases/antagonists & inhibitors , alpha-Amylases/metabolism
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